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The role of washers in the bolted connection of fasteners

2023-07-10
Among the many fastener connection methods, bolt connection and nut, screw and other connection methods are both the most basic and practical. Although the bolted connection method is relatively simple in structure, the tightening effect it can achieve is very significant. And in practical applications, we often use washers in conjunction with bolts to further delay the loosening of bolt connections after prolonged work. So what role does the washer play in enhancing the anti loosening effect of bolted connections?

1. Strengthening effect of flat washers on bolted connections

1) Firstly, the surface of the flat washer series products is relatively smooth, while the surface of the bolt head and nut is relatively rough. One of the functions of installing a flat washer is to separate the connector from the bolt, which can prevent the connection from being scratched.

2) Reduce the pressure of bolts on the surface of the connecting parts. In the bolted connection method, tightening the bolt head and nut will generate a certain amount of pressure on the surface of the connecting piece. If the compressive strength of the connecting piece surface is weak, it is easy to cause damage. At this point, the use of flat washers significantly increases the pressure bearing area at the connection, and the pressure on the surface of the corresponding connection is significantly reduced, without affecting the fastening effect of the bolt connection itself.

3) In some special work scenarios, it is necessary to ensure that the bolt holes between two connectors correspond exactly, which requires different sizes of apertures to compensate for and adjust the deviation. When the bolt hole exceeds the limit, a flat washer is required to ensure the successful connection of the bolt.

4) The length setting of bolt holes is not fixed. Sometimes, in order to facilitate installation and adjustment, the length of bolt holes may be lengthened. In this case, flat washer products must be selected to assist in the formation of bolt connections, and even custom thickened flat washers or multiple flat washers may need to be purchased for use.

2. The strengthening effect of spring washers on bolted connections

1) Spring washers are mainly used to supplement the stress in a timely manner when there is stress relaxation in the bolt connection, especially when the clamping length of the selected bolt is short, spring washers must be used to assist.

2) Spring washers are suitable for situations where the mechanical strength of the bolt itself is not high and can supplement the stress of the bolt. But if high-strength bolts are used for fastening connections, it is not suitable to use spring washers anymore. Forcible use will have the opposite effect of weakening the anti loosening effect.



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